If you’ve been listening to the news in the past few months, you have undoubtedly heard of a number of companies being affected by ransomware. The recent surge in this form of cyber attack has many organisations and users understandably concerned. And you should be too.
Ransomware is nasty stuff. However, with some careful preparation, you can significantly lower your risk of being infected, and reduce the impact on you or your organisation should you be hit.
Ransomware is a form of malware that infects devices, networks and data centres, encrypting critical files and prevents them from being used until the user or organisation pays a ransom to have the system unlocked. Ransomware has been around since at least 1989, when the ‘PC Cyborg’ trojan encrypted file names on a hard drive and insisted users pay $189 to have them unlocked. In the interim, ransomware attacks have become increasingly sophisticated, targeted, and lucrative.
The impact of ransomware is difficult to calculate, since many organisations opt to simply pay to have their files unlocked – an approach that doesn’t always work. However, a report on the Cryptowall v3 ransomware campaign, issued in October of 2015 by the Cyber Threat Alliance, estimated that the cost of that attack was US$ 325 million.
Ransomware generally works in one of several ways. Crypto Ransomware can infect an operating system so that a device is unable to boot. Other ransomware will encrypt a drive or a set of files or file names. Some malicious versions have a timer and begin deleting files until a ransom has been paid. All demand that a ransom be paid in order to unlock or release the blocked or encrypted system, files, or data.
What do I do to stop it?
Here are 10 things you need to do to protect yourself and your organisation from the effects of ransomware.
1. Develop a backup and recovery plan. Back up your systems regularly, and store that backup offline on a separate device.
2. Use professional email and web security tools that analyse email attachments, websites, and files for malware, and can block potentially compromised advertisements and social media sites that have no business relevance. These tools should include sandbox functionality, so that new or unrecognised files can be executed and analysed in a safe environment.
3. Keep your operating systems, devices, and software patched and updated.
4. Make sure that your device and network antivirus, IPS, and antimalware tools are running the latest updates.
5. Where possible, use application white listing, which prevents unauthorised applications from being downloaded or run.
6. Segment your network into security zones, so that an infection in one area cannot easily spread to another.
7. Establish and enforce permission and privilege, so that the fewest number of users have the potential to infect business-critical applications, data, or services.
8. Establish and enforce a BYOD security policy which can inspect and block devices which do not meet your standards for security (no client or anti-malware installed, antivirus files are out of date, operating systems need critical patches, etc.).
9. Deploy forensic analysis tools so that after an attack you can identify:
a) Where the infection came from,
b) How long it has been in your environment,
c) That you have removed all of it from every device, and
d) That you can ensure it doesn’t come back.
10. This is critical: Do not count on your employees to keep you safe. While it is still important to increase your user-awareness training so employees are taught to not download files, click on email attachments, or follow unsolicited web links in emails, human beings are the most vulnerable link in your security chain, and you need to plan around them.
Here’s why: For many of your employees, clicking on attachments and searching the Internet is part of their job. It is difficult to maintain the appropriate level of scepticism. Second, phishing attacks have become very convincing. A targeted phishing attack uses things like online data and social media profiles to customise an approach. Third, it is simply human nature to click on an unexpected invoice or critical message from your bank. And finally, in survey after survey, users feel that security is someone else’s job, not theirs.
What if I get infected?
I hope that you have a recent backup and you can wipe your device and reload it with an uninfected version. Here are some other things you need to do:
1. Report the crime.
2. Paying the ransom is no guarantee.
3. Contact experts.
4. Have a Plan B.
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