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Cyber attackers used over 500 tools and tactics in 2022

Sophos released its Active Adversary Report for Business Leaders, an in-depth look at the changing behaviours and attack techniques that adversaries used in 2022. The data, analysed from more than 150 Sophos Incident Response (IR) cases, identified more than 500 unique tools and techniques, including 118 ‘Living off the Land’ binaries (LOLBins). Unlike malware, LOLBins are executables naturally found on operating systems, making them much more difficult for defenders to block when attackers exploit them for malicious activity.

In addition, Sophos found that unpatched vulnerabilities were the most common root cause of attackers gaining initial access to targeted systems. In fact, in half of investigations included in the report, attackers exploited ProxyShell and Log4Shell vulnerabilities – vulnerabilities from 2021 – to infiltrate organisations. The second most common root cause of attacks was compromised credentials.

“When today’s attackers aren’t breaking in, they’re logging in. The reality is that the threat environment has grown in volume and complexity to the point where there are no discernible gaps for defenders to exploit. For most organisations, the days of going at it alone are well behind them. It truly is everything, everywhere, all at once. However, there are tools and services available to businesses that can alleviate some of the defensive burden, allowing them to focus on their core business priorities,” said John Shier, Field CTO, Commercial, Sophos.

More than two-thirds of the attacks that the Sophos IR team investigated (68%) involved ransomware, demonstrating that ransomware is still one of the most pervasive threats for companies. Ransomware also accounted for nearly three-quarters of Sophos’ IR investigations over the past three years.

While ransomware still dominates the threat landscape, attacker dwell time decreased in 2022, from 15 to 10 days, for all attack types. For ransomware cases, the dwell time decreased from 11 to 9 days, while the decrease was even greater for non-ransomware attacks. The dwell time for the latter declined from 34 days in 2021 to just 11 days in 2022. However, unlike in past years, there was no significant variation in dwell times between different sized organisations or sectors.

“Organisations that have successfully implemented layered defences with constant monitoring are seeing better outcomes in terms of attack severity. The side effect of improved defences means that adversaries have to speed up in order to complete their attacks. Therefore, faster attacks necessitate earlier detection. The race between attackers and defenders will continue to escalate and those without proactive monitoring will suffer the greatest consequences,” said Shier.

To learn more about attacker behaviours, tools and techniques, read the Sophos Active Adversary Report for Business Leaders on www.sophos.com.

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